Challenged the US Government in O’DONOGHUE v. UNITED STATES, 289 U.S. 516 (1933)
289 U.S. 516

Daniel W. O’Donoghue is an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, having been duly appointed to that position by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. He duly qualified as such justice on February 29, 1932, and has ever since been engaged in the performance of the duties of the office. At the time of his appointment and entry upon his duties, his salary was fixed by act of Congress (chapter 6, 44 Stat. 919 (D.C. Code 1929, T. 18, 42)) at the rate of $10,000 per year, which was paid to him until June 30, 1932.

His pay was reduced and he fought this action with others

The questions to be answered were
‘I. Does Section 1, Article III, of the Constitution of the United States apply to the Supreme Court (and to the Court of Appeals) of the District of Columbia and forbid a reduction of the compensation of the Justices thereof during their continuance in office?’
‘II. Can the compensation of a Justice of the Supreme Court (or of the Court of Appeals) of the District of Columbia be lawfully diminished during his continuance in office?’
The answers wer Yes and No, so O’Donoghue won

http://supreme.justia.com/us/289/516/case.html